Tubal Reversal Blog December, 2007

If you have had your tubes tied and would like to become pregnant again, tubal reversal surgery is probably the best option for you. Tubal ligation reversal is the most successful and cost-effective way to become pregnant for 98% of women who have had a tubal ligation and now want to have another baby.

What Is Your Age?

The natural fertility rate declines with age. Pregnancy rates after tubal reversal, therefore, are highest for younger women.  Although pregnancy rates are lower for older women, you can still become pregnant after age 40 if you are ovulating and have periods.

Dr. Berger has kept detailed records of his patients and has compiled a comprehensive follow-up study on pregnancy after tubal reversal for all of his patients. His patients under 30 have a 77% pregnancy rate after having a tubal reversal procedure. The pregnancy rate is 72% for women ages 30-34 , 62% for women 35-39, and 34% for those 40 years of age and older after tubal reversal surgery performed by Dr. Berger.

What Type of Tubal Ligation Did You Have?

There are several ways that a doctor can tie a woman’s fallopian tubes. Women with the ring or clip method of tubal ligation have a 74% pregnancy rate after undergoing tubal reversal surgery. Women with the tubal coagulation technique have a 65% pregnancy rate, while women with tubal ligation and resection methods have a 62% probability for pregnancy after reversal surgery.

If you aren’t sure what type of tubal ligation you had, don’t worry! You can get a copy of your operative and pathology reports relating to your tubal ligation, and fax them to Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center at (919) 967-8637. Please attach the Fax Cover Sheet so we can reach you when your records arrive. Dr. Berger will review the operative report at no charge and we will contact you regarding possible outcomes for you following reversal surgery.

How To Choose The Best Tubal Reversal Doctor?

The most important question to ask is how many tubal reversal surgeries the doctor has performed. The more experience the doctor has, the better your outcome will be. Dr. Berger has the most experience with this operative procedure of any reproductive surgeon in the world and has performed more than 6,000 tubal reversals! He is considered by other medical professionals in the US and abroad to be the best tubal reversal doctor.

Also ask if the doctor performs tubal reversals on an outpatient basis. Outpatient tubal reversal reduces cost and avoids the risks of hospitalization, such as infection with hospital-acquired bacteria. Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the only center worldwide that is dedicated exclusively to outpatient tubal ligation reversal, and Dr. Berger is the only doctor who specializes in and limits his practice to outpatient tubal reversal surgery.

I Will Be Happy To Assist You

If you would like additional information or would like to schedule your tubal reversal procedure, please feel free to contact me. You can reach me from 8 am to 8 pm Eastern Time at (919) 656-8204 or by e-mail at JuliaS@tubal-reversal.net. I will be glad to answer any questions you might have!

Submitted by Julia Smith, RN
Nurse Administrator

Information About Tubal Reversal

The Tubal Reversal Message Board is a public service offered by Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center. This message board allows prospective, current, and past patients of Dr. Berger to share information with each other and Dr. Berger’s staff regarding any issue related to tubal ligation reversal.

Tubal Reversal Message Board Forums

The message board is organized into 7 separate forums:

New Message Board Members
Questions about Tubal Reversal
Preparing for Tubal Reversal
After Tubal Reversal
Weekly Pregnancy Reports
Tubal Reversal Cost and Financing
Age and Tubal Reversal

The Tubal Reversal Message Board also has a page called Today’s Active Topics. Many message board members set this as a bookmark or favorite page and enter the board through this page. It shows all of the topics under discussion for the past 24 hours regardless of the forum in which the message thread appears.

Policies and Rules of the Tubal Reversal Message Board

The Tubal Reversal Message Board is a place for women to get support, information, and share opinions with other women and our staff about tubal reversal surgery. New members agree to adhere to certain rules and policies when they join the message board and receive the privilege to post messages. These are mostly common sense rules of etiquette. On occasion, a member will lose posting privileges if the rules or policies of the board are ignored. This can occur, for example, if a person is argumentative or insulting to others, or repeatedly posts on topics unrelated to the subject of tubal ligation reversal.

Most Popular Message Board About Tubal Reversal

The Tubal Reversal Message Board has been online since January 2002 and has a total of over 11,000 registered members from all over the US and the world. They have posted over 337,000 messages. This volume of membership and posting indicates how widespread interest is about tubal reversal surgery. Anyone who has had a tubal reversal procedure performed by Dr. Berger, or who is planning on having a reversal procedure in the future, will find the Tubal Reversal Message Board to be an excellent resource.

What Is Informed Consent?

Informed consent means that a person has access to and understands all relevant information about a medical or surgical treatment necessary to make an informed decision about it. In the case of tubal ligation reversal, informed consent means that a person understands how it the surgery is performed, the alternative treatment of in vitro fertilization, and the potential benefits, risks, and likelihood of success from these treatments.

The Informed Consent Process

When meeting with patients during their consultation, I explain the outpatient tubal reversal procedure that I perform. Even before we meet at the preoperative consultation, patients review extensive information on the Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center website, receive printed information about the procedure, and can watch a video or dvd showing each step in the tubal reversal operation.

We also discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of the alternative treatment of in vitro fertilization. Most important, we provide complete and accurate statistics about pregnancy rates and birth rates after the tubal reversal procedures I have performed.

Benefits and Risks

The primary benefit from tubal reversal surgery is the opportunity to become pregnant at any time in the future. It is simpler, safer, and less expensive than the alternative treatment (in vitro fertilization or IVF). The main risk associated with IVF is multiple pregnancy (33%), compared with the risk of ectopic pregnancy after tubal reversal surgery (10-15%). The medical complication of ectopic pregnancy is tubal rupture. This can be prevented by adhering to our recommended protocol for early pregnancy monitoring.

What is the Expected Success Rate?

Pregnancy and birth rates are the most important measures of success after tubal reversal for most couples. To determine what these are, a doctor must include all tubal reversal procedures and maintain follow-up with patients to learn their subsequent pregnancy histories. Since pregnancies can occur at any time, the follow-up effort and data recording must be done on a continuing basis.

Each week we provide feedback about new pregnancies reported to us via Weekly Pregnancy Reports and Pregnancy Announcements. Information about both the pregnant women and those who have not yet become pregnant is updated annually and published in our Tubal Reversal Pregnancy Study Report. The pregnancy rates and birth rates shown in this report permit prospective patients to learn the statistical probability for success, based on the experience of previous patients for whom I have performed a tubal ligation reversal.

To my knowledge, Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the only medical facility that collects, analyzes, and publishes complete and accurate statistics about the success of tubal reversal surgery based on all patients who have had the procedure performed. With this detailed information, and only this kind of information, it becomes possible to make a fully informed decision about tubal reversal surgery.

Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center Mission

Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the only medical facility specifically for tubal ligation reversal surgery. We provide the most detailed information about tubal reversal available from any doctor, hospital, or medical institution. This blog post describes how we are able to do this.

Electronic Patient Database

Keeping track of patients following surgery makes sense from a clinical point of view. Continuing follow-up after surgery helps ensure the best patient care. It also allows us to evaluate the success of tubal reversal surgery and the care we provide. Setting up and maintaining a system for ongoing patient follow-up is not usually found in a private medical practice. It is costly, time-consuming, and requires staff knowledgeable in database management. Despite the cost and time requirements, I have made it a priority because of my commitment to giving patients all of the information they should have to make informed decisions about tubal reversal surgery.

At Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center, we have a computer system where every nurse enters patient information before, during, and after tubal reversal procedures. All 11 of our nurses contact patients, record data, and make daily entries into computerized records. With this follow-up information, I can analyze and report accurate statistical data about the long-term outcomes of the tubal reversal procedures I have performed.

Information Sources

The patient follow-up system consists of information collected in many different ways and includes a minimum of 6 calls or e-mails to every patient in the first year following surgery:

1. Post-operative nurse visit the morning after surgery;
2. Telephone follow-up on the second postoperative day;
3. Telephone follow-up on the third postoperative day;
4. E-mail questionnaire at two weeks;
5. Telephone contact at 6 months;
6. Telephone contact at 12 months.

Other information is collected and recorded any time we communicate with patients post-operatively. These contacts are usually initiated by patients to report pregnancies and the outcomes of pregnancies. When patients report new pregnancies, we request that they complete a Pregnancy Report Form. Each week, we list the new pregnancy results in the Weekly Pregnancy Report Forum of the Tubal Reversal Message Board and also give more details in the Weekly Pregnancy Announcements.

Summary

After reading our information and statistics and comparing it to what might be available from other doctors, we believe patients will recognize that Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the only facility where accuracy of information is considered a priority and sharing it with prospective patients is considered a necessity. Providing facts, rather than offering misleading or speculative statements about tubal reversal success, is one mission of our practice. We believe this is the right thing to do.

Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center Anesthesia Team

The Anesthesia Team at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center ensures your comfort before, during, and after your tubal reversal procedure. We are Caryn Hertz, MD, Pamella Mills, CRNA, and Ann Pflugrath, MD. Our team consists of two board certified anesthesiologists and a registered nurse anesthetist specializing in outpatient anesthesia. Our experience working every day with Dr. Berger results in the best care for each tubal reversal patient.

Ensuring Patient Safety

We assess the patient’s medical history even before they come to Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center. We speak with each patient by phone several weeks before their scheduled tubal reversal procedure. Most patients have just the basic preoperative lab tests. Some patients with medical conditions require additional tests. All of the preoperative lab work is done in the patient’s hometown, with the results being faxed to us for review. Each patient is sent written instructions of what to expect when they arrive at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center.

On the day of your preoperative consultation with Dr. Berger, we will meet with you to review your medical history again. We will discuss instructions for the evening before surgery, such as about diet or other restrictions to follow to make sure you understand them. The day of surgery is less stressful for our patients because they have met our staff and have a full understanding of what to expect.

Ensuring Patient Comfort

Tubal reversal surgery by Dr. Berger is short. You will be asleep with “general” anesthesia during the 60-90 minute procedure. We work closely with Dr. Berger to assure excellent pain control after you awake from the operation. Dr. Berger injects local anesthesia into the muscles and surrounding tissues during tubal reversal surgery. This reduces the amount of anesthesia during surgery and the need for postoperative pain medication. Our postoperative focus is on nausea and pain control. Patients are discharged from the recovery room when they are comfortable, usually within one or two hours, and they are taken to their room at the Sheraton Hotel.

We Want You To Have The Best Medical Care Ever

We are fortunate at our day surgery center to have state of the art equipment with which we carefully monitor over 15 parameters during and after the tubal reversal procedure. We follow-up with all of our patients and review the evaluation forms that they complete when they have recovered. We pay special attention to any comments patients offer. Our goal is to keep tubal reversal surgery at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center safe, comfortable, and the best medical experience our patients have ever had!

Tubal Reversal Procedures

There are 3 types of tubal reversal procedures:

• anastomosis
• implantation
• salpingostomy – (this blog topic)

Salpingostomy Definitions

Salpingostomy is creating an opening in the fallopian tube. It is also called neosalpingostomy, which more clearly indicates the creation of a new opening in the tube. Salpingostomy is the appropriate tubal reversal procedure when the end closest to the ovary is closed and the fallopian tube has not been divided into separate segments. This is what results from a fimbriectomy tubal ligation. It can be seen also when a fallopian tube has become closed as a result of infection (salpingitis).

How I Perform Ampullary Salpingostomy

Salpingostomy involves creating an opening in the end of the fallopian tube with a microsurgical needle electrode. The opening is enlarged and gently folded back so that the internal lining extends over the opened end of the tube. The internal lining is covered with cilia, the hairline projections that beat in coordinated waves. They help capture an egg as it is released from the ovary just as the fimbrial end of the tube does normally. Sutures are placed around the end of the tube that has been folded back. The sutures are hidden underneath the folded-back tubal end. When ampullary salpingostomy is completed, the tubal end looks similar to a normal fallopian tube, provided there is a sufficient ampullary length of tube remaining to fold back.

Types of Salpingostomy

The type of salpingostomy is specified according to the tubal segment that has been opened. This will depend on how much of the fallopian tube was removed during a fimbriectomy. The illustration above shows an ampullary salpingostomy. Salpingostomy at the ampullary, infudibular, or fimbrial tubal segments can result in good success rates. If a large amount of tube has been removed and only the isthmic segment remains, salpingostomy is unlikely to result in pregnancy.

Comment About Salpingostomy

The success of salpingostomy for fimbriectomy tubal reversal depends upon having an adequate length of ampullary segment of the fallopian tube. The length of the remaining ampullary tubal segment can be determined from a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) or from diagnostic laparoscopy. I recommend having an HSG or choosing the screening laparoscopy option when tubal ligation has been performed by fimbriectomy. An HSG can be ordered by the patient’s local doctor and the x-ray films sent to me for examination prior to scheduling tubal reversal surgery. Alternatively, patients can omit having an HSG and schedule their reversal surgery to start with screening laparoscopy. This will show if ampullary salpingostomy will be effective. If so, the tubal reversal procedure will be performed at the same time while the patient is under anesthesia.

Message Board discussion about Microsurgical Salpingostomy

Tubal Reversal Procedures

There are 3 types of tubal reversal procedures:

• anastomosis
• implantation – (this blog topic)
• salpingostomy

Implantation of Fallopian Tubes

Implantation of the fallopian tube is inserting the tube through a new opening into the uterus. Tubouterine implantation is correct medical terminology, but it is also called tubal implantation, uterotubal implantation, or uterine implantation.

Most tubal ligation operations leave two fallopian tube segments that can be reconnected. In some cases, only one tubal segment remains that is separated from the uterus and the portion of the tube within the uterine muscle is blocked as well. This is most likely to occur when a tubal ligation has been performed by monopolar tubal coagulation applied to the tubal segment next to the uterus. In this situation, tubal implantation is required as the tubal reversal procedure.

How I Perform Tubal Implantation

Tubal implantation is performed by making an incision through the uterine muscle. The incision is carried down into the uterine cavity. The tubal segment that has been separated from the uterus is opened and passed down until its proximal end is inside the uterine cavity. Before implanting the tube in the uterus, a suture is placed through the open end that goes inside the uterus. This suture is used to anchor the fallopian tube within the uterine cavity.

When the tube has been anchored inside the uterine cavity, sutures are placed in the uterine muscle around the implanted tube. Care must be taken to close the uterine incision sufficiently to allow healing, but not so tightly that it compresses or constricts the implanted tube. Tubal implantation is a more difficult operation to perform than tubal anastomosis. Tubal implantation accounts for 1% of tubal reversal procedures at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center.

Tubal Reversal Procedures

There are 3 types of tubal reversal procedures:

• anastomosis – (today’s blog topic)
• implantation
• salpingostomy

Anastomosis of Fallopian Tubes

Anastomosis connects two body parts. Tubotubal anastomosis is connecting two segments of the fallopian tube. Tubotubal anastomosis is correct medical terminology, but it is also called tubal anastomosis for short. Bilateral tubal anastomosis means that both tubes are repaired by the anastomosis technique. The anastomosis sites can be specified for each fallopian tube. They may be different for the two sides. For example, a patient may have a right isthmic-ampullary tubotubal anastomosis and a left ampullary-ampullary tubal anastomosis. Sometimes, only one fallopian tube is repairable with the anastomosis technique. This is called unilateral tubotubal anastomosis.

Bilateral Tubal Anastomosis

Most tubal ligation operations separate the fallopian tube into two segments. Bilateral tubotubal anastomosis, therefore, is the most common tubal reversal procedure. Bilateral tubal anastomosis accounts for 90% of the tubal reversal procedures at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center.

How I Perform Tubal Anastomosis

After opening the blocked ends of the two tubal segments, I pass a flexible stent or thread through the tubal lumen or opening of the two segments until it reaches the uterine cavity. This ensures that the fallopian tube is open from the uterine cavity to its fimbrial end and that the tubal segments align properly. A suture placed in the connective tissue, just beneath the fallopian tube segments, draws the tubal segments together.

The muscular and outer layers of the tubal segments are connected with microsurgical sutures. Care is taken to avoid suturing the inner layer of the fallopian tube. Suture material is a foreign body. Stitches placed in the inner tubal lining can cause scarring inside the tubal lumen. When the two tubal segments are joined together, the stent is withdrawn from the fimbrial end of the tube.

Watch The Operation

The images above illustrate the principles of tubotubal anastomosis. For more details, you can watch the operation as it is being performed. A short video clip online gives an overview. If you want to watch the entire tubal anastomosis procedure, you can order a videotape or dvd of Tubal Ligation Reversal by Dr. Berger as shown on TV by the Discovery and Learning Channels. Watching the full length video will help you better understand how I perform tubotubal anastomosis as outpatient tubal reversal surgery.

Tubal Ligation by Fimbriectomy

Fimbriectomy is an infrequent type of tubal ligation in the United States. This female sterilization method is performed by removing the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube. At the fimbrial end of the tube, the inner tubal lining faces outward towards the ovary. The tubal lining is rich in cilia that beat in coordinated waves to pull the egg into the tubal opening.

Many doctors think that tubal reversal cannot be successful following a fimbriectomy because of the loss of the egg-capturing fimbria. This is a mistaken notion. Cilia are abundant in the ampullary segment of the fallopian tube. The inner lining of the remaining ampullary tubal segment can be folded outward after opening the tube and can function as a new fimbrial end. The tubal reversal procedure for fimbriectomy reversal is called ampullary salpingostomy.

Fimbriectomy Reversal Pregnancy Rates

Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center publishes statistics updated annually regarding pregnancy rates and pregnancy outcomes for all of the women who have had tubal reversal procedures performed by Dr. Berger. The data for women who had tubal ligation procedures by fimbriectomy are from our Tubal Reversal Pregnancy Study Report 2007.

The overall pregnancy rate after fimbriectomy tubal reversal is 56% for patients at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center. The following table shows the numbers and pregnancy rates according to womens’ ages at the time of their tubal reversal procedure.

Pregnancy Rates After Fimbriectomy Reversal

Recommendations for Fimbriectomy Reversal

The success of fimbriectomy reversal depends upon having an adequate length of ampullary segment of the fallopian tube. The length of the remaining ampullary tubal segment can be determined from a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) or from diagnostic laparoscopy.

I recommend having an HSG or choosing the screening laparoscopy option when tubal ligation has been performed by fimbriectomy. An HSG can be ordered by the patient’s local doctor and the x-ray films sent to me for examination prior to scheduling tubal reversal surgery. Alternatively, patients can omit having an HSG and schedule their reversal surgery to start with screening laparoscopy. This will show if ampullary salpingostomy will be effective. If so, the tubal reversal procedure will be performed at the same time while the patient is under anesthesia.