Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the only medical facility specifically for tubal ligation reversal surgery. We provide the most detailed and accurate information about tubal reversal available from any doctor, hospital, or medical institution. Let me explain how we are able to do this.

Electronic Patient Database

Keeping track of patients following surgery makes excellent sense from a clinical point of view. Continuing follow-up after surgery helps ensure the best care for each patient and allows us to evaluate the success of tubal reversal surgery and the care we provide. Setting up and maintaining a system to ensure ongoing follow-up is not usually found in a private medical practice since this is costly and time-consuming and requires staff knowledgeable in database management. Regardless of the cost and time requirement, Dr. Berger has made it a priority because of his commitment to giving patients all of the information they should have in order to make an informed decision about tubal reversal surgery.

At Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center, we have a computer system where every nurse enters patient information before, during, and after their surgery. In fact, all 11 of our nurses contact patients, record data, and make daily entries into computerized records. With this follow-up information, we can analyze and report accurate statistical data about the long-term outcomes of tubal reversal procedures performed here.

Information Sources

The patient follow-up system consists of information collected in many different ways and includes a minimum of 6 calls or e-mails to the patient in the first year following surgery.

1. Post-operative nurse visit the morning after surgery
2. Telephone follow-up on the second postoperative day
3. Telephone follow-up on the third postoperative day
4. E-mail questionnaire at two weeks
5. Telephone contact at 6 months
6. Telephone contact at 12 months

Other information is collected and recorded any time we communicate with patients post-operatively. These contacts are usually initiated by patients to report pregnancies and the outcomes of pregnancies. When patients report new pregnancies, we request that they complete a Pregnancy Report Form. Each week, we summarize the new pregnancy results in the Weekly Pregnancy Report Forum of the Tubal Reversal Message Board and also give more details in the New Pregnancy Announcements.

Summary

After reading our information and statistics and comparing it to what might be available from other doctors, we believe patients will recognize that Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the only facility where accuracy of information is considered to be a priority and sharing it with prospective patients is considered to be a necessity. Providing facts rather than offering misleading or speculative statements about tubal reversal success is one mission of our practice. We believe this is the right thing to do.

I hope this information is helpful to you as you consider whether tubal reversal surgery is right for you, and if so, why it is in your best interests to have it performed at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center.

Submitted by Julia Smith RN
Nurse Administrator
Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center
919-656-8204

Sally Muncy, R.N.
Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center

Introducing Myself

Dr. Berger has asked me to give a short description of what I do as an Operating Room Nurse so that you will feel that you know me when you come here for your tubal reversal surgery. I am a nurse who accompanies you to the operating room once the preoperative nurses have admitted you and taken care of all your physical as well as emotional needs. I am there for you to make sure that you are comfortable and have no last minute questions or misgivings.

One more time I will check your name on your name band and ask you about allergies and if you have eaten. I will ask you to use the rest room to empty your bladder as Dr. Berger does not use any bladder catheter in your bladder during surgery. I’m not asking these same questions that the other nurses have ask you because I don’t know the answers, but ask them only as one more opportunity to avoid a mistake about something you may have forgotten to mention.

In The Operating Room

In operating room, you will be made comfortable and warm and everything that is being done will be explained to you. I realize this is a little frightening since everyone in the operating room wears a mask, gloves and gown for your protection. This brings up another point about who will be in the operating room with you. As I said I will be at your side the whole time. There will also be an anesthesiologist or anesthetist, a surgical assistant, and a surgical scrub technician (the person who is responsible for all the sterility of the surgical equipment and for seeing that Dr. Berger has the instruments as he needs them when he is concentrating on surgery). The only other person present is Dr. Berger.

For those of you (and there are many) who have a concern for modesty in the operating room, you really have nothing to worry about. After the surgical area is cleansed you are covered from head to toe. There is only about an 8 inch by 3 inch window of skin exposed on your abdomen. Many ladies also come for surgery while having their menstrual period. This also is handled very discreetly. You will keep your underwear and pad on until the last minute and then you can remove them in the bathroom and we will have a pad on the bed for you. I really want to impress upon you that from the time you walk in the front door to when you leave after surgery you will be treated with the utmost respect and dignity.

Once you are settled in the operating room you go off to sleep fairly quickly after being attached to heart monitors and a final safety check being done. One more time every staff person in the room checks your name, allergies, and other important data regarding your health. At this point everyone takes their designated position in the room and like a finely choreographed dance surgery begins. Because of keeping sterility in the room, no one can touch another person so each one has to know exactly what they are doing and where the other four people are.
I am the one who keeps computer records of anything pertinent to your surgery while Dr. Berger dictates in detail. I am also responsible to see that everyone has the sterile equipment, medications, irrigating fluids, or anything else that needs to be brought in to the operating room. And finally I perform, with the scrub technician, a counting of all the instruments and dressings that are used during surgery. This count is also done before you enter the room and two more times. The final count must match exactly. This avoids any concern of a lost instrument or dressing. This is to insure absolute safety.

On To The Recovery Room

When Dr. Berger finishes surgery I will put a small dressing on your abdomen. Surgical time will be recorded and you will soon wake up and move back to your original bed. It is then my pleasure to return you to the recovery room where your nurse will greet you and I will bring your family member in to sit with you.

I just want to assure you once again that you will be in good, safe hands throughout your tubal reversal surgery. Every staff member at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center and Chapel Hill Surgical Center is there to meet your needs and we are honored that you have put your trust, first in Dr. Berger, and then in everyone else who has any part in your care.

Submitted by Dr. James Split
Anesthesiologist
Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center

At Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center, we use general anesthesia for our tubal reversal surgeries. You will be completely asleep through your operation. When under general anesthesia, you will be totally unconscious and will not be able to feel any pain. In addition to the general anesthetic, your tubal reversal surgeon will place local anesthetic into the skin and deeper structures that are operated on to help you be as comfortable as possible when you wake up.

You will have an IV started after you arrive at the surgical center on the morning of your tubal reversal procedure. After you arrive in the operating room, we will give you an intravenous sedative similar to Valium to help you relax prior to going to sleep. We will take a blood pressure reading and then ask you to take several deep breaths of oxygen through a loosely applied face mask. We will put a sedative medication into your IV line that will make you fall asleep very quickly, usually in 10 to 20 seconds. We will keep you asleep during your surgery by having you breathe an anesthetic gas. During your operation, you will be given additional IV medications to prevent post-operative nausea and vomiting, and to minimize pain when you awaken.

We usually place a soft airway in your mouth after you are asleep. This airway is positioned behind your tongue to keep your airway open. This allows us to be sure you always have a safe open passageway for oxygen to enter your lungs. This airway goes into your mouth after you are asleep and is removed when you awaken. Most patients do not remember having a soft airway in their mouth, but some patients will have a scratchy or sore throat for 12 to 24 hours after surgery.

The anesthesiologist or nurse anesthetist will always remain with you while you are asleep. Throughout your tubal reversal procedure, we will monitor your blood pressure, heart rate, temperature and oxygen concentration in your bloodstream. You will awaken quickly after your surgery. Most patients are able to move themselves off the operating room table onto the stretcher to be taken into the recovery room.

Sometimes patients ask if they can have conduction anesthesia such as an epidural. We do not use epidural as outpatient anesthesia because of the risks involved. The method of general anesthesia that we use is safer than conduction anesthesia in the outpatient setting and less likely to cause a complication requiring hospitalization.

Submitted by Dr. Monteith
Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center

Many doctors will give you less than a warm response when you ask about tubal ligation reversal. Ever wonder why?

I would like to use myself as an example. I started my obstetrics and gynecology (ob/gyn) residency in July 1997 and finished in June 2001. I never saw a single tubal reversal operation performed at the university where I trained. Not one. I saw many unusual and rare things, but I never saw a tubal ligation reversal. I am not alone. Many other doctors would probably tell you the same thing if you asked them.

Lack of Familiarity or Training

Most doctors- especially those who have trained within the last 15 years - are unfamiliar with tubal ligation reversal. The reason is simple. Ligation reversal is considered elective surgery. As a result, these procedures are rarely done in hospitals. Therefore, doctors in training get little or no exposure to these surgical procedures. Because of this, most doctors have little knowledge about these types of operations.

Sometimes doctors in training will reason that if they never saw a particular operation, the surgery does not exist because it is not beneficial and may even be harmful. Of course, this is faulty reasoning.

I would have never thought ligation reversal is an effective surgery if it were not for a three minute experience I had when I was a second year resident doing my reproductive endocrinology rotation.

I was with a physician who was the head of our reproductive endocrinology department. We were counseling a 38-year-old patient who was married, had a tubal ligation and wanted to become pregnant again. At the conclusion of her visit, she had asked what she should do? Since I had seen every patient with fallopian tube problems treated with in-vitro fertilization (IVF), I mumbled to myself, “We are going to recommend you get IVF.” Before I could finish my mumbled response, the director said, “I recommend you get a tubal ligation reversal.” My mouth dropped open! Why did we recommend an operation that we did not perform and one I had never seen? I remember exactly what he said next, “We can do this procedure for you. The cost of tubal reversal will be $15,000 here at the hospital. I recommend you talk with Dr. Gary Berger, a tubal reversal specialist who does them for considerably less cost.”

After the conversation, I asked him why we didn’t do tubal reversal procedures at our hospital. He responded, “Charles, we have to charge patients more for this surgery in the hospital. Since patients have to pay out of pocket, most people will be unable to afford the surgery with us. This is a great procedure for her because she will have the ability to get pregnant many times.”

“But isn’t the success rate less than 50 percent?”, I asked. He dropped his glasses down, looked over the rims and told me in a very direct voice, “No! In the best of hands, the success rate is 80 percent.” Somehow he seemed offended that I thought he had recommended a bad treatment.

This conversation happened in 1998. I filed this brief exchange in my memory and mostly forgot about it for the rest of my training.

Other Mistaken Ideas Doctors May Have

Many doctors might say a general ob/gyn resident would not see any of these surgeries while training, but a doctor in training as a reproductive endocrinologist would. Unfortunately, this is not true. I had two friends who trained to be reproductive endocrinology specialists. One did two tubal reversals over a three year period of training, the other did none.

It is unfortunate that my friends, who had little or no experience with reversal surgery, are going to be the same doctors who will counsel patients about it. No wonder they routinely recommend IVF - a treatment that they received almost exclusive training in during their fellowship programs.

Why I Came to Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center

I hope my personal experience can illustrate why general ob/gyn doctors may not support their patients who want to have their tubal ligations reversed, and why reproductive specialists mostly do IVF. I view tubal ligation reversal as a disappearing surgical skill that may not be available to patients in the future. This is why I asked to join Dr. Berger’s staff at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center. To help women with tubal ligations who want to get pregnant is the reason why I have decided to embark on the path to become a tubal ligation reversal specialist.

At Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center, we want to maximize the chances for pregnancy after tubal ligation reversal for all of our patients. One step that is helpful in planning for a tubal reversal procedure is examining the pathology report from a patient’s medical record. Pathology reports can provide critical information to a tubal reversal specialist since they convey additional information beyond what is contained in the operative report describing the tubal ligation.

What is a pathology report?

A pathology report- sometimes shortened to ‘path report’- is a typed report from a pathologist (doctor who studies healthy and diseased tissue) that describes the removed tubal segments. Usually when tissue is removed by a surgical operation, it is sent to a pathologist for examination. After this examination, a pathologist will create a typed report describing what was observed.

When a tubal ligation and resection procedure has been performed, a segment of fallopian tube was removed and most likely sent to a pathologist. Therefore, a pathology report should exist in the patient’s medical record. When a sterilization has been performed by tubal electrocautery or with tubal clips or rings, there will not be a pathology report because no tubal tissue is removed with these tubal ligation methods.

A pathology report will help our tubal reversal doctors determine exactly what was done during a ligation and resection procedure and what your chances of tubal reversal success will be.

Examples of Pathology Reports After Tubal Ligation

Here are some examples of what the pathology reports may show after a tubal ligation and resection:

Scenario 1
Operative note states, “A standard ligation and resection was done.” Pathology report states, “Two 1.5 cm isthmic sections of fallopian tube were examined.” In this case, the pathology report confirms that small amounts of isthmic tubal segments were removed and the chance of successful ligation reversal is very good.

Scenario 2

Operative note states, “A bilateral ligation was done…tubes were resected.” Pathology report states, “Two 4 cm sections of fallopian tube were examined and fimbrial ends were present on both sections.” In this case, the pathology report demonstrates that the patient has had a fimbriectomy. We would advise the patient that fimbrectomy reversal will be the appropriate procedure to reverse this type of tubal ligation.

Scenario 3
Operative note states, “A typical bilateral tubal ligation was done.” Pathology report states, “Two 7 cm section of fallopian tubes were examined.” In this case, the pathology report shows that large amounts of tubal length were removed. This is not a typical bilateral tubal ligation, and the chance of a reversing tubal ligation is remote. In this case, we would advise the patient that IVF would be a better treatment option for her than tubal reversal surgery.

Get Expert Opinion

As tubal reversal experts who specialize in ‘untying tied tubes’,  we have found that most tubal ligations are reversible. Any patient considering ligation reversal should send us a copy of their operative report and, if ligation and resection was done, a copy of the pathology report. We will review these reports, without charge, and provide the best recommendation for becoming pregnant after tubal ligation.

Submitted by Dr. Charles Monteith
Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center

As my training as a Tubal Reversal Specialist continues, I would like to share the story of one of our recent patients.

This patient lives in Pennsylvania. She came to Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center for a ligation reversal and her story is similar to many of the women who come here to have their tubes untied.

She is 32 and had two older teenage children. She had her tubes tied after her second child. Unfortunately, her husband died after her tubal ligation, but she eventually found a new partner who did not have any children. She and her partner eventually decided they wanted a child together. They had researched the possibility of having another child and made an appointment with an infertility specialist in Pennsylvania. She considered in-vitro fertilization (IVF); however, she and her infertility specialist decided the better option for her would be tubal ligation reversal. Her infertility specialist recommended Dr. Berger as the tubal reversal expert who could give her the best tubal reversal procedure so she and her partner could pursue their desire of having more children.

When the patient came to Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center for her pre-operative visit, her partner was unable to travel with her for the reversal surgery; however, she did bring a close friend. We reviewed her medical history. Her tubal ligation surgery was performed many years ago and there were no operative or pathology reports available. She was able to get some information from her ob/gyn doctor who told her she had the ’standard type of tubal ligation’. She told us about her history and her dreams of having more children.

I was happy that she had excellent operative results and a successful bilateral ligation reversal. She stayed overnight at the local Sheraton Hotel where she was seen in the morning by one of the Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Nurses. Following the postoperative check-up, she returned to her home in Pennsylvania to pursue her quest for adding more children to her family. We are eager to hear from her as soon as she has a positive pregnancy test!

Submitted by Dr. Charles Monteith
Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center

How Important Is a Tubal Reversal Doctor’s Experience?

Of the many questions I receive daily from potential patients, one of the most important questions is what makes Dr. Berger the best choice to perform tubal reversal vs. another doctor. With a specialized procedure such as tubal ligation reversal, surgical experience is the most important factor in predicting success from the operation. Dr. Berger has performed more than 7000 tubal reversal operations and has the most experience of any tubal surgeon in the world.

Tubal Repairs That Other Doctors Could Not Perform

We routinely hear from women who have gone to a nearby doctor for a tubal reversal, only to have the doctor stop the procedure before repairing the tubes because an unexpected situation was encountered during surgery. There are multiple situations where this may happen:

1. No isthmic tubal segment remains and tubouterine implantation needs to be performed.

There are few, if any, other doctors who can perform this type of operation and none could do so as outpatient surgery. At Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center, Dr. Berger has successfully performed this type of operation many times as a safe and effective outpatient operation.

2. A fimbriectomy has been performed.

Tubal ligation by fimbriectomy involves removing a portion (usually up to one-third) of the fallopian tube closest to the ovary. To our knowledge there are no other doctors performing fimbriectomy reversals. The pregnancy rate following fimbriectomy reversal performed by Dr. Berger is 56%.

3. The patient has only a proximal tubal segment (attached to the uterus) on one side and a distal tubal segment (near the ovary) on the other side.

This is an unusual situation, but Dr. Berger has successfully attached these two segments on opposite sides of the body to create one tube with 2/3 women becoming pregnant afterwards. This operation has not been described in the medical literature. Dr. Berger calls this operation “contralateral tubotubal anastomosis”.

4. The patient is found at the time of surgery to have inherent disease of the fallopian tubes due to tubal endometriosis, salpingitis isthmica nodosa, or pelvic inflammatory disease. In these situations, Dr. Berger removes the diseased tubal segment and repairs the fallopian tube with the most appropriate reversal operation.

Experience Is The Most Important Consideration

Experience is the most important indicator of whether successful tubal reversal surgery can be performed when a woman has a difficult tubal reversal situation due to short tubes, missing tubal segments, fimbriectomy, or inherent diseases of the tubes. While most doctors would be unwilling – or unable - to perform a reversal procedure in one of these situations, Dr. Gary Berger is able to repair the tubes in 98% of cases, regardless of the type of sterilization that has been performed or whether difficult situations are encountered.

Submitted by Julia Smith, R.N.
Nurse Administrator

If you have questions or would like assistance scheduling your surgery, please contact me.

JuliaS@tubal-reversal.net
(919) 656-8204

Tubal Sterilization Methods

‘Tying tubes’ is a phrase that is commonly used to refer to surgical procedures that result in tubal sterilization.

There are many different ways to block the fallopian tubes for tubal sterilization: ligation and resection (tying and cutting), tubal clips or rings, and electrocoagulation (burning). No matter how the procedure is done, the end result is closure or occlusion of the fallopian tube. This prevents sperm from reaching an egg.

Tubal Ligation and Resection

The most common female sterilization procedure is the ligation and resection method. This was the earliest reported method of sterilization, and it is still a very common and effective procedure. According to the method described by Dr. Ralph Pomeroy, an absorbable suture is tied around a “knuckle” of the fallopian tube that has been elevated and a segment is resected (cut out). The cut ends close as the tube heals. As the suture dissolves, the two tubal segments pull apart. Ligation and resection is currently the most popular form of sterilization for women. It is often performed during a cesarean delivery (C-section) or following a normal delivery.

Untying ‘Tied’ Tubes

A common misconception is that fertility can be restored by simply ‘untying’ the tubes. Tubal ligation reversal is not that simple. Tubal ligation and resection is reversed by opening the closed ends of the tubes and joining the tubal segments back together in perfect alignment using microsurgical techniques. Approximately 70% of patients at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center become pregnant after a reversal of a ligation and resection procedure.

Tubal Ligation and Resection Can Be Reversed

Many people believe tubal sterilization is permanent and irreversible. Although tubal ligation and resection sterilization is intended to be permanent, this procedure can be reversed. Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the medical facility that specializes in tubal ligation reversal. We are experts in reversing tubal ligations- or ‘untying’ tubes that have been ‘tied’!

Submitted by Dr. Charles Monteith

History of Tubal Sterilization

The first tubal sterilization procedure, reported in 1881, was tubal ligation and resection. Ligation and resection - or ‘tying tubes’ was the most common surgery for sterilization until the advent of laparoscopic surgery in the mid 1900’s. As laparoscopic surgery became more popular, electrocoagulation (electrical burning) of the fallopian tubes became an additional method of surgical sterilization. Tubal sterilization by electrocoagulation uses electric current to cut and destroy the portion of the tube that is exposed to the electric current. These portions of the tube eventually heal and close.

Monopolar Tubal Coagulation

The initial method of laparoscopic tubal coagulation, in 1962, used a type of electrical current termed monopolar current. Monopolar tubal electrocoagulation was a popular type of laparoscopic sterilization through the 1970’s and 1980’s. The medical community began to realize that the complication rate from this form of electric surgery was higher than for other electric surgical methods of tubal sterilization. Sterilization procedures done by monopolar current have gradually been replaced with bipolar current.

Bipolar Electrocoagulation of the Fallopian Tubes

The first reported sterilization using bipolar electrocoagulation was in 1972. This was done via a laparoscope inserted just under the belly button. During bipolar coagulation, the electrical current can be more precisely controlled, resulting in less tubal damage than monopolar coagulation. This sterilization procedure results in higher reversal success rates than monopolar electrocoagulation.

Reversing Tubal Sterilization

Many people, including doctors, mistakenly believe that tubal sterilization is permanent and irreversible. Although bipolar coagulation sterilization is intended to be permanent, this procedure can be reversed successfully in almost all cases. The success rates depend on how many different areas of the tube were damaged with electrocautery. Approximately 60- 70% of patients at Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center become pregnant after a reversal of a bipolar coagulation sterilization procedure. Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the only medical facility that specializes exclusively in reversal of tubal ligation. We perform tubal ligation reversals every day, and our tubal reversal doctors are experts in reversing all types of tubal ligations- or ‘untying’ tubes that have been ‘tied’!

Submitted by Dr. Charles Monteith

Tying Tubes

Many people seem to imagine the fallopian tube is like a shoe lace that is tied in a bow to prevent pregnancy. As a tubal ligation reversal specialist, I wish it were that simple- then reversing tied tubes would be a whole lot easier!

Perhaps a well meaning doctor may have told a patient one day, “I am going to tie your tubes so you don’t get pregnant.” Maybe the doctor wrote a letter to a medical journal explaining the procedure and then the terminology stuck. More likely, a reporter may have simplified the terminology for the surgical procedure of tubal ligation to make a catchy title for an article. Others may then have started using the term “tying tubes” to quickly explain a complex procedure. These explanations often have a long life span and make their way into common language.

The more accurate terminology is bilateral tubal occlusion (closure of both fallopian tubes) which results in sterilization (not being able to conceive). There are many ways to perform bilateral tubal occlusion. The most common tubal sterilization procedure is performed at the time of cesearean delivery (c-section) or immediately after having a baby. It does involve tying the tubes with a suture - but then also cutting out a segment of healthy tube, resulting in closure of the tube as it heals. The suture then dissolves. The intial suture tying is most likely where the phrase ‘tying tubes’ came from.

Another common method is to burn the tubes with electrical energy (electrocoagulation). This is usually done by laparoscopic surgery and is usually done remote from pregnancy. Lastly, there are many devices- clips and bands - which can close off the tubes and cause a portion of the tube to be destroyed.

No matter how the procedure is done, the end result is obstruction of the fallopian tube that prevents pregnancy.

Many people believe that tubal sterilization is irreversible. Although bilateral tubal occlusion is intended to be permanent, the procedure can be reversed. Chapel Hill Tubal Reversal Center is the one medical facility that specializes exclusively in reversal of tubal ligation. We have become tubal ligation reversal experts………experts at untying tied tubes!

Submitted by Dr. Charles Monteith